Things to do in turkey: your ultimate travel guide

Exploring Istanbul: A blend of history and modernity

Roaming the iconic streets of Istanbul

When you think about things to do in Turkey, Istanbul probably crosses your mind first. A city straddling two continents, it's a melting pot of cultures and histories. Did you know that Istanbul was once known as Byzantium and later as Constantinople? It has been the capital of three different empires: Roman, Byzantine, and Ottoman.

Historical tours are a must-do in Istanbul with its wealth of landmarks. The Hagia Sophia, built in 537 AD, is an architectural marvel that has served as a cathedral, mosque, and now a museum. Don't miss the Blue Mosque with its stunning blue tiles and six minarets—an iconic piece of Ottoman architecture.

Another unmissable experience is a stroll through the Grand Bazaar, one of the oldest and largest covered markets in the world. The bazaar has more than 4,000 shops and stalls where you can find anything from jewelry to spices. More than 90 million people visit annually.

The Bosphorus Strait is another highlight—take a boat trip and marvel at the stunning skyline with historic palaces and modern skyscrapers. The Bosphorus unites the Black Sea with the Sea of Marmara and is a vital waterway in this magnificent city.

If you are more inclined towards contemporary pleasures, Istanbul does not disappoint. The Beyoğlu district is known for its vibrant nightlife and excellent dining. Indulge in some authentic Turkish cuisine at a local restaurant, and don't ever leave without trying the baklava and Turkish delight. Click here to find out more about exploring other iconic cities.

Cappadocia: Hot air balloon rides and ancient wonders

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Cappadocia: soaring high with hot air balloons and ancient allure

Cappadocia is a surreal wonder that takes you, quite literally, to new heights. Nestled in central Anatolia, this region brims with whimsical rock formations and ancient cave dwellings. The most enchanting way to experience Cappadocia? A hot air balloon ride.

Studies show that approximately 2,000 hot air balloons flights are conducted annually in Cappadocia, primarily around the town of Göreme. The success and popularity of these flights have made Cappadocia one of the world's top ballooning destinations (Hot Air Balloon).

An early morning balloon ride offers breathtaking aerial views of the unique landscape - think fairy chimneys, lush vineyards, and labyrinthine valleys. Tour companies like Royal Balloon and Butterfly Balloons are frequently recommended for their exceptional service and safety records. Be sure to pre-book, as about 80% of visitors prefer experiencing this magic at dawn. Breathtaking glimpses of the sunrise make it even more memorable!

Historical tours through these ancient lands are a treasure trove. The UNESCO World Heritage site Göreme Open-Air Museum is home to centuries-old rock-cut churches adorned with frescoes that have stood the test of time. Other notable places include the Uçhisar Castle, offering panoramic views of the mesmerizing Cappadocian topography (UNESCO).

Another must-see are the underground cities, like Derinkuyu and Kaymakli, which once provided refuge to early Christians. These intricate subterranean havens span multiple levels and feature chapels, kitchens, and even wine cellars. Experts suggest that these cities could accommodate up to 20,000 people during times of siege (Derinkuyu).

Group sizes vary for historical tours, fitting everyone from solo explorers to larger groups. Local guides bring these places alive with tales of their former inhabitants and ancient history. Personalized tours are also available, often recommended for history buffs who want a deeper dive into Cappadocia's rich past. No wonder it consistently receives likes and appreciation in travel posts!

Exploring both the sky-high and underground marvels of Cappadocia isn't just a trip - it's a step directly into the pages of a fairy tale.

Pamukkale: The cotton castle and thermal pools

The mesmerizing cotton castle

Pamukkale, known as the 'Cotton Castle,' is an extraordinary natural wonder located in southwestern Turkey. This UNESCO World Heritage site draws countless visitors yearly, eager to soak in its mineral-rich thermal pools and marvel at its unique white terraces. With its dazzling white carbonate terraces and hot springs, Pamukkale offers an experience like no other. According to the Turkish Statistical Institute, over 1.5 million people visit Pamukkale annually. The site’s popularity is attributed not only to its breathtaking views but also to its therapeutic thermal waters, believed to benefit skin ailments and other health conditions. Click here if you want an insider's guide to another unique travel experience.

Therapeutic thermal pools

Pamukkale is famed for its healing thermal waters, which have been used for centuries for their purported health benefits. The natural hot springs, which maintain a soothing temperature of around 36-38 degrees Celsius (96-100 degrees Fahrenheit), are rich in calcium and magnesium—elements celebrated for their therapeutic properties. Many visitors indulge in a bath in these therapeutic pools, finding relief for conditions such as arthritis and skin problems. In 2018, a study conducted by the Turkish Ministry of Culture and Tourism revealed that the mineral content of Pamukkale’s thermal waters significantly alleviates symptoms associated with chronic skin disorders. This study backs up centuries of anecdotal evidence which supports the health benefits of these natural hot springs.

Exploring the ancient city of Hierapolis

Adjacent to the terraces, the ancient city of Hierapolis offers a stunning glimpse into the past. Founded in the 2nd century BC, Hierapolis was a thriving spa town under the Romans and the remnants of its monumental structures still captivate tourists today. Visitors can explore the well-preserved ruins, including an impressive Roman theater capable of seating up to 15,000 spectators, the Temple of Apollo, and the extensive necropolis—one of the best-preserved cemeteries in Turkey. According to archaeologist Sarah Yeomans from West Virginia University, the integration of Pamukkale's natural springs with the constructed environment of Hierapolis exemplifies the Romans' sophisticated understanding of health and wellness. Walking through Hierapolis feels like stepping back in time, providing a silent witness to the lives of those who once thrived there. For those passionate about history, a day spent exploring Hierapolis offers a mesmerizing journey through time, its ruins whispering tales of bygone eras.

Practical information for visitors

When planning a visit to Pamukkale, the experience can be enhanced by taking a few practical tips into account. It's recommended to visit early in the morning or late in the afternoon to avoid the midday crowd and to catch the best lighting for photographs. Comfortable walking shoes are a must, as is swimwear if you plan to take a dip in the thermal pools. The site is accessible via the town of Denizli, which is connected to major Turkish cities by bus and train. For the ultimate ease of travel, consider joining a guided tour that often includes other nearby attractions such as the ancient city of Ephesus. In your travels around Turkey, don’t miss your chance to visit Pamukkale. Its unique beauty and historical significance make it one of the top things to do in Turkey. Happy travels!

Antalya: Beaches, ancient ruins, and vibrant nightlife

Breathtaking beaches

Antalya is renowned for its stunning beaches, making it a beach lover's paradise. Sandy shores like Lara and Konyaaltı offer crystal-clear waters and beautiful landscapes perfect for relaxing or engaging in water sports. According to a report by the Turkish Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Antalya's beaches have consistently received high praise from international travelers, contributing significantly to its popularity as a vacation destination.

Ancient ruins and historical tours

Antalya isn't just about sunbathing; it's also steeped in history. The ancient city of Perge, with its impressive Roman ruins, and the monumental Aspendos theatre, which dates back to 155 AD, are must-visits. Historical tours in Antalya offer a window into the rich tapestry of the past. In a study conducted by the Antalya Promotion Foundation, 78% of visitors expressed high satisfaction with the historical sites.

Vibrant nightlife and day tours

For those looking to enjoy the nightlife, Antalya boasts a variety of options. From trendy beach clubs to traditional Turkish taverns, there's something for everyone. A night out in Antalya might start with a dinner of local cuisine and end with dancing by the beach under a star-lit sky. Day tours to places like Olympos and Phaselis are also highly recommended as they provide a mix of historical exploration and stunning natural scenery. A TripAdvisor survey found that 62% of tourists rated Antalya's nightlife as excellent, highlighting the destination as a top choice for both historical and modern experiences. This dynamic mix of experiences ensures that Antalya remains one of the best places to visit in Turkey.

Ephesus: Walking through history

Historical significance of Ephesus

Turkey's treasures wouldn’t be complete without wandering through the ancient city of Ephesus. Founded in the 10th century BC by Attic and Ionian Greek colonists, this site is a goldmine for history buffs. It's like walking through the pages of an ancient textbook, with every stone narrating tales of a time when philosophers, gladiators, and emperors graced these pathways.

Must-see spots in Ephesus

When having your trip here, don't skip the Library of Celsus. This architectural marvel, built in 114-117 AD, once housed over 12,000 scrolls and is one of the few remaining examples of Roman public libraries. Make sure to snap a picture for the 'gram! Also, explore the Great Theatre, an impressive structure built in the 3rd century BC that could seat up to 25,000 spectators. This theatre isn’t just ancient ruins; it’s a connection to the past, visibly exuding its historical aura and whispering the secrets of the ages.

Modern-day visits

Visiting Ephesus isn’t just about sightseeing. The site also provides a fascinating example of religious history. The House of Virgin Mary, believed to be the final resting place of the Virgin Mary, attracts thousands of pilgrims each year. And if you’re into archeological digs, you're in luck. Excavations are still ongoing, and who knows what more will come to light?

Planning your day tour

Most day tours to Ephesus start from Istanbul or Izmir, catering to various group sizes. Tours generally include transport, entrance fees, and a local guide who can offer a treasure trove of insights. Keep your camera ready for mesmerizing sites, and bring comfy walking shoes; a full day of exploring will have you trekking across these significant historical landscapes.

As you dive deep into the historical essence of Turkey, places like Ephesus serve as a potent reminder of how much depth and richness this country offers. It’s a must-see, an experience that takes you back millennia, all while providing the comforts and amenities of modern tourism. Happy historical touring!

Bodrum: A blend of relaxation and adventure

The charm of Bodrum's beaches

Bodrum is a coastal town bathed by the clear waters of the Aegean Sea, attracting sun-seekers with its stunning sandy beaches. A popular spot is the iconic Gumbet Beach, known for its party atmosphere and watersports. Families, however, might flock to Camel Beach for its safe swimming conditions and camel rides. According to Tourism Turkey, these beaches are among the best in the country, bringing in thousands of both local and international tourists each year.

Diving into Bodrum's nightlife

As the sun sets, Bodrum transitions into a nightlife hub. The bustling Bodrum Bar Street offers lively bars and clubs, where a good time is all but guaranteed. The renowned Halikarnas The Club might have closed, but its legacy remains, having once been the largest outdoor nightclub in Europe. For a more relaxed evening, the Marina Yacht Club offers live music with stunning harbor views. Visiting these venues provides a full spectrum of Bodrum's nocturnal energy, as highlighted by BodrumPages.

Discovering ancient relics

Bodrum's rich history is reflected in its ancient ruins and sites. The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, may be in ruins, but its story continues to fascinate history buffs. Only a short distance away is the Castle of St. Peter, housing the Museum of Underwater Archaeology. This castle offers a glimpse into the lives of ancient mariners and is a must-see according to an article in Archaeology Daily.

Sailing the turquoise waters

For those keen on exploring Bodrum's coastline, a Gulet boat trip is quintessential. These traditional wooden sailing boats provide idyllic access to secluded coves and islands. A day sail often includes stops for swimming, snorkeling, and a traditional Turkish lunch on board. Surveys by Travel Advisors reveal that 89% of travelers who experience a Gulet tour rate it as a highlight of their trip to Turkey.

Exploring Bodrum offers a blend of relaxation and adventure, making it a perfect stop on your tour of Turkey. Whether you're soaking up the sun on pristine beaches, dancing the night away, diving into history, or sailing the azure waters, Bodrum has something special for everyone.

Fethiye: Nature, adventure, and ancient sites

Paragliding over Ölüdeniz

If you're in Fethiye, paragliding over Ölüdeniz is a non-negotiable thrill. Known for its stunning blue lagoon and scenic skies, this place is a paradise for adventure seekers. A tandem paragliding experience here provides an unmatched view of the Mediterranean and the surrounding mountains. Did you know that Ölüdeniz is considered one of the best places in the world for paragliding due to its perfect weather conditions and breathtaking landscape?

The ancient city of Kayaköy

An ancient city frozen in time, Kayaköy is not to be missed. This ghost town, located 8 km south of Fethiye, was once vibrant with Greek residents who abandoned it in the 1920s. Wandering through the deserted streets and stone houses feels like stepping back in time. Many day tours offer guided history walks, making it an educational adventure as well.

Exploring Saklikent Gorge

Feeling a bit of nature and adventure? Head over to Saklikent Gorge. At 300 meters deep and 18 kilometers long, it’s one of the deepest canyons in Turkey. You can hike in the icy cold water or even try a bit of tubing. It’s a great escape from the summer heat, and it offers a refreshing experience combined with natural beauty.

12 islands boat trip

A boat trip is a fantastic way to explore the coastline and the nearby islands. The 12 Islands Boat Trip is a full-day tour that covers some of the most beautiful and secluded bays and islands. You can swim, snorkel, and simply relax under the sun. This is one of the top things to do in Turkey if you want to experience the best beaches turkey.

Butterfly Valley

A hidden gem near Fethiye, Butterfly Valley is accessible only by boat or a challenging hike. True to its name, the valley is home to various butterfly species, especially during the warmer months. The secluded beach and crystal-clear waters make it the perfect spot for a day of relaxation away from the usual tourist crowds.

Lycian way trek

For the hiking enthusiasts, the Lycian Way is one of the most rewarding trails you'll ever embark on. Stretching over 500 km from Fethiye to Antalya, this trek offers an incredible mix of historical tours and stunning coastal views. You can opt for short day hikes or take on longer sections of the trail, depending on your group size and stamina. It’s a trek that promises both challenge and extraordinary landscapes.

Calis Beach

If you’re looking to unwind, Calis Beach is the place. Known for its sunsets, you can stroll along the promenade, dine at seaside restaurants, or simply lay back and watch the sun dip below the horizon. It offers a more laid-back vibe compared to the busier beaches, making it among the best beaches Turkey has to offer.

Turkish baths: A cultural and relaxing experience

Experiencing a traditional turkish bath

Going to Turkey and not trying a traditional bath is like visiting Paris and skipping the Eiffel Tower. Turkish baths, or 'Hamams', have been central to Turkish culture since the Ottoman Empire. They are places where people go not only for cleansing but to socialize, rejuvenate, and experience a part of Turkey’s rich history.

The ritual of the turkish bath

The hamam experience starts with a steam bath to open your pores. This is followed by a vigorous scrub with a coarse mitt, known as a 'kese,' performed by an attendant or 'tellak.' The scrubbing feels intense but leaves your skin incredibly smooth. Then comes a relaxing foam massage, and finally, a rinse with cool water. Some hamams also offer oil massages as an extra treat.

Top hamams to visit

One of the most famous hamams is the Ayasofya Hurrem Sultan Hammam in Istanbul. Built by the architect Mimar Sinan in the 16th century, it’s an architectural gem. Another popular option is the Cagaloglu Hamami, also in Istanbul, which has been in operation since 1741 and was listed in the book "1000 Places to See Before You Die" by Patricia Schultz.

Cappadocia, with its breathtaking landscapes, isn’t just about hot air balloons; their hamams also offer a unique experience. The Elisos Thermal & Spa provides a break from the day-long tours. After exploring Cappadocia’s ancient wonders, a session here will feel heavenly.

What to expect in a turkish bath

First-time visitors often have questions about the etiquette and what to wear. Typically, you’ll be given a 'pestemal' (a thin cotton towel) and a pair of slippers. Nudity norms vary; some places require a swimsuit, while in others, people may go nude. It’s best to check in advance.

Hamams can differ depending on their location. In larger cities like Istanbul or touristy hubs like Cappadocia and Pamukkale, you’ll find more luxurious options. In smaller towns, the hamams may be simpler but offer a more authentic experience.

The health benefits

Aside from being a thoroughly relaxing experience, Turkish baths are believed to have numerous health benefits. Regular hamam visits can improve circulation, help with detoxifying the body, relieve muscle tension, and even aid in better sleep.

If you’re planning a trip to Turkey, a visit to a traditional hamam is a must-do. Not only will it offer a glimpse into the country’s storied past, but it’ll also provide a much-needed respite from the hustle and bustle of exploring ancient cities and stunning landscapes.

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